揭秘简体中文与中文的区别. 繁体中文
作者:方生
简体中文vs. 繁体中文,普通话vs. Cantonese⏤there are plenty of myths and misconceptions when it comes to the Chinese language. Many such misconceptions even persist in the language services industry, where seasoned language services providers (LSPs) make factual mistakes that they could avoid with a little more knowledge (and asking the right questions). One such misconception: Simplified characters are only used for Mandarin and Traditional characters are only used with Cantonese.
这些中国变体有什么不同, 你应该选择哪一个作为你的中文翻译?
繁体中文vs. 简体中文的历史
Before answering the question, “What should we use⏤Simplified or Traditional; Mandarin or Cantonese?”, we have to go back to some linguistic and historical lessons (without getting too technical).
The Chinese language evolved in such a unique way that there is a disconnect between how it is spoken and how it is written. 你看到的可能不是你读出来的. 除了, 中国有几十种方言, 许多是相互无法理解的, 普通话和广东话也是如此.
汉语地文字系统(i.e.在古代,汉字是“多中心”的. 这是, each state within what is now China during the “Warring States Period” developed its own variant of the 写作 system, 阻碍了区域间的顺畅沟通. 在秦朝——中国的第一个皇朝, 秦始皇, 秦始皇, 制定了一系列旨在统一其庞大帝国的改革措施, 包括规范书写系统. 统一的文字系统, 尽管经历了不同的战争和动荡时期, has since been keeping the Chinese nation unified throughout millennia.
在简化vs. 永利登录网址今天看到的中国传统现象, it is another stage of the evolution of written Chinese and a long history of 写作 system reforms.
In 1919, 当时中国在巴黎和会上被羞辱, nationalists launched a massive New Culture Movement in an attempt to bring China’s traditional culture into the 20th 世纪. 新文化运动的一个突出特点是 百花, 或书面白话文, an endeavor to break from traditional literary Chinese and bring literacy to the masses.
一些知识分子, 同时批判性地反思国家的落后, radically blamed the 写作 system and advocated for Romanization (as happened in some Asian languages, 例如越南语). 当然,结果证明这是徒劳的. With illiteracy rates among the general public above 90% at the time, 另一个建议是简化复杂的字符, which they thought would make learning to read and write much easier.
1911年清王朝灭亡后, the Nationalist government organized a group of scholars to simplify Chinese 写作. 然而,他们的工作被战争和政治动荡打断了. Simplification work resumed in Mainland China from 1956 to 1964, when the first 简体字符通用列表 发表. 随着后来的小添加,和一个失败 s20世纪70年代的第二份名单, the 1964 list has been the basis for standardized Chinese 写作 in Mainland China through today. In all, there is a total of 2,238 simplified characters on the 1964 list; the rest remain unchanged.
中国其他地区——台湾, 香港, 和澳门, as well as the Chinese diaspora⏤didn’t pursue further simplification and continued to use what is now known as 繁体中文 as their standard 写作 system.
汉语口语和书面语的差异
When we talk about Traditional or Simplified Chinese, we are only talking about the 写作 system. 在口语方面, 各种各样的中国方言仍然非常活跃和使用, 普通话被提升为最重要的语言 通用语 和中华人民共和国官方语言. 虽然罗马化没有作为一种书写系统流行起来, 拼音 (developed in Mainland China) is a modern-day Romanized tool to help transcribe Chinese words and teach Mandarin pronunciation, which is why you probably recognize words like ni hao and xie xie (hello and thank you, 分别).
Mandarin has been used as the official language in both Mainland China and Taiwan. 然而, 写作, 内地使用简体中文, 而台湾使用繁体中文.
Cantonese, one of dozens of Chinese dialects, is the official language in 香港 and Macao. 香港和澳门的文字系统是繁体中文. 然而, 在广东(原广东)省, 这种方言的起源, they use simplified characters as Guangdong is part of Mainland China.
全球华人
在马来西亚,海外华人社区的情况更为棘手, 新加坡, 和印尼, 中国文字过去是繁体字. 但随着中国在世界上的影响力越来越大, 这些地区的华人社区改用简体中文.
为世界其他地区的海外华人社区, 包括北美, 澳大利亚, 和欧洲, 繁体字曾经占主导地位. 然而, 来自中国大陆的移民越来越多, the written language has evolved into a mixture of traditional and simplified.
你应该把“中文”翻译成哪个版本?
For non-Chinese speakers, this complex linguistic landscape can be confusing. If you are wondering which versions of spoken and/or written Chinese you need to translate into, it all comes back to this question: “Who are you trying to communicate with?”
下表是一个总结,以帮助您绘制您的目标市场:
如果你有内容要翻译成中文, 这个图表可以帮助您明确使用哪个脚本. Many professional Chinese translators are proficient in both scripts. 然而, 你还是需要谨慎行事, as there are regional differences even within the same script or dialectical setting. 例如, the traditional characters in Taiwan can be different from those in 香港, 因为说的是不同的方言. 大陆的普通话和台湾的普通话不一样, 由于术语和措辞偏好的差异.
Ideally, you should always choose a native of the target script for any language service needs. If you are unsure, consult a professional, such as an ATA-certified translator.
作者简介
Fang Sheng is an ATA-certified English into Chinese and Chinese into English translator. Mr. Sheng现居加拿大多伦多. 除了 to being a professional translator and conference interpreter, Mr. 他还是一位个人历史研究者和狂热的作家.
A very clear explanation for LSPs and users of translation/interpretation. 做得好!